Public write-ups on the bugs, patterns, and protocols we audit. Engineer-to-engineer, no fluff.
1.7 million possible ticks and the swap loop cannot scan them. One storage read, a mask, a bit scan. And one division that behaves differently for negative ticks.
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How much did a position earn while in range, over months of crossings, with no loops and one checkpoint? V3 answers in two subtractions by storing the wrong side on purpose.
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Every division in SqrtPriceMath decides where the lost fraction goes. V3 answers the same way every time: the pool wins. Get one flag backwards and you have built a faucet.
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A builder focused Hyperliquid security checklist covering HyperBFT assumptions, HyperCore integrations, HyperEVM deployment risks, and pre audit launch gates before mainnet.
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A builder focused Hyperliquid security checklist covering HyperBFT, HyperCore, HyperEVM, order flow, liquidation, oracle, bridge, and pre audit risks before launch.
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EIP-7702 lets EOAs become smart contracts with one signature. Here are the 4 attack surfaces — phishing, delegate bugs, replay, ERC-4337 — auditors now check.
Read1.7 million possible ticks and the swap loop cannot scan them. One storage read, a mask, a bit scan. And one division that behaves differently for negative ticks.
ReadHow much did a position earn while in range, over months of crossings, with no loops and one checkpoint? V3 answers in two subtractions by storing the wrong side on purpose.
ReadEvery division in SqrtPriceMath decides where the lost fraction goes. V3 answers the same way every time: the pool wins. Get one flag backwards and you have built a faucet.
Read
A full smart contract audit costs $15k-$100k+. Here is an honest comparison of every option an underfunded web3 founder actually has in 2026: free tools, AI review, audit contests, bug bounties, time-boxed audit sessions, and when each one is enough.
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A senior auditor walks through what actually happens during a smart contract audit, week by week. Pre-audit prep, manual review, findings, fix verification, and final deliverables.
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The 2026 security timeline for Web3 protocols: when to audit at design, dev, pre-launch, and post-launch — plus real lead times, audit costs, and launch buffer rules.
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When LLMs can prepare or sign transactions, smart contract risk expands into prompt injection, policy drift, simulation mismatch, and wallet authority abuse.
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How to audit AI trading bots and onchain agents before prompt injection, wallet misuse, and market-facing automation turn into fund loss.
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Technical analysis of the largest crypto hack ($1.5B). How compromised frontend infrastructure enabled UI injection that turned blind signing into a total drain.
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The ERC-4626 inflation attack still drains vaults in 2026. See the deposit-donate math, real hacks (Cream, Sonne, Resupply), and the invariants that catch it.
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Most 2026 DeFi losses came from compromised signers, not buggy code. How multisig, timelocks, and MPC contain key compromise — lessons from Drift's $285M hack.
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How flash loans amplify oracle, donation, and reentrancy bugs into $200M+ DeFi exploits — Cetus, Penpie, KyberSwap, UwU Lend case studies plus defenses that hold.
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Free Discords, CTFs, audit contest platforms, bootcamps, and paid memberships compared. What each one actually gives a web3 developer, aspiring auditor, or protocol founder in 2026, what it costs, and how to choose.
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Most Web3 founders are technical and ship great code, then watch the protocol die to non-code problems. Tokenomics, fundraising, governance, regulatory, GTM — this is what kills teams.
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The 2026 OWASP Smart Contract Top 10 elevated business logic to #2 and added proxy & upgradeability at #10. Here's what changed and how to audit.
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How to learn Web3 from scratch: the right order to actually understand blockchains, wallets, DeFi, and scams, in a free 90-day path.
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A free, interactive Zealynx Academy course that teaches you to understand Web3 for real, crypto, DeFi, wallets, DAOs, scams, security, not memorize jargon.
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After 30+ audits, we kept seeing failures rooted in missing literacy, not missing code skill. So a security firm built a beginner course. Here's why.
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Learn how to prepare a security audit summary for an already deployed protocol. A practical walkthrough using the Juicebox Buyback Delegate audit.
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Deep dive into Liquity protocol's smart contracts: LUSD/LQTY tokens, Troves, borrowing mechanics, price feeds, and liquidation logic explained from the source code.
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Explore real-life examples of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on smart contracts found in audit contests. Learn about DoS caused by underflow, gas limits, nonReentrant modifiers, external calls, and malicious receivers.
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Learn how to use inline assembly (Yul) in Solidity to save gas on hashing, loops, math operations, storage writes, zero-address checks, and ETH balance reads — with side-by-side gas comparisons.
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Deep dive into Aave V3 Pool.sol — supply, withdraw, borrow, and repay functions explained. Understand the core smart contract architecture auditors need to know.
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Learn why using tx.origin for authorization in Solidity is vulnerable to phishing attacks, how attackers exploit it, and how msg.sender prevents it.
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Learn how understanding the Ethereum Virtual Machine internals — cold vs warm access, zero vs non-zero storage, variable packing, and uint sizing — can significantly reduce gas costs in your Solidity smart contracts.
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Learn what reentrancy attacks are in Solidity smart contracts, how attackers exploit them, and three prevention techniques including noReentrant modifiers, Checks-Effects-Interactions pattern, and GlobalReentrancyGuard.
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